FROM SEVRES TO LAUSANNE 131

of the Straits, and in the adjacent waters were a certain
number of ships of war, but no adequate preparations had
been made to withstand a serious attack from a wholly
unexpected quarter. It became necessary to negotiate.
An Annistice was concluded at Mudania, and hostilities were
averted by the concession that the Greek troops should
clear out of Eastern Thrace within fifteen days. This con-
dition being complied with, time was secured for profitable
thinking and wise negotiation, with the result that the Treaty
of Lausanne superseded the discredited and impossible
Treaty of Sevres.

This brief summary of events in Europe and Asia Minor
will facilitate the study of what had been happening in
India. Before Lord Reading's arrival, the occasion of the
occupation of Smyrna in 1919 was seized by Lord Chelmsf ord
to represent that the Moslems were greatly moved by the
course of events, and that they regarded the treatment of
the Sultan of Turkey as a breach of faith towards them-
selves. The promises of 1914, the precise pledges of 1918,
were cited to show that the policy pursued in regard to
Constantinople, Thrace and Asia Minor was in direct viola-
tion of those promises and pledges. There was never any
doubt that the Secretary of State, Mr. E. S. Montagu,
strongly supported the Viceroy, and that all the members of
the Government of India were in accord. Moreover, two
very eminent Indian Moslems were in England—I mean the
Aga Khan and the Right Honourable Ameer Ali—to express
the true sentiments of Islam, and an anonymous writer in
the Fortnightly Review of March, 1920, contributed some very
pungent remarks to the discussion in an article bearing the
title " Constantinople and India/1 He wrote with other
things—

" The All-India Moslem League has held many meetings
and has issued more than one protest and appeal on the
question. One thing its leaders certainly cannot be accused
of, and that is any want of clearness. We are told in no
uncertain terms that, if the Turks are turned out of
Constantinople, England will be held responsible for
. their humiliation and that a tremendous strain will be